Research Articles Abstract – August 29 2009 IssueOriginal non-representational are accessible at LINK. EDITED. predominantly Willingness of Hong Kong healthcare workers to brook pre-pandemic influenza vaccination at queer WHO heedful levels: two questionnaire surveys.
Differential suppressive at bottom of promyelocytic leukemia protein on the replication of queer subtypes/strains of influenza A virus. Four at-risk groups intention be chief to be vaccinated against swine flu, says chief medical lawman. Influenza epidemiology and characterization of influenza viruses in patients seeking treatment respecting cold fever in Cambodia. The NS1 Protein of the 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus Blocks Host Interferon and Lipid Metabolism Pathways.
Viral Genetic Determinants of H5N1 Influenza Viruses That Contribute to Cytokine Dysregulation. Host Genetic Variation Affects Resistance to Infection with a Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza A Virus in Mice. Swine-origin influenza virus H1N1, seasonal influenza virus, and hypersensitive sickness in children. predominantly detracting predominantly detracting Production and diagnostic relevancy of monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus H5.
Oseltamivir-resistant assertion influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two immunosuppressed patients – Seattle, Washington, 2009. Conversion of MDCK cubicle field to elimination suavity during transfecting with benignant siat7e gene and its relevancy respecting influenza virus assembly. H1N1 influenza, all-encompassing constitution fitness, and constitution nervousness recover. Pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza: a malicious academy. 2009 Aug 25;339:b3391. ——– predominantly 1: BMJ. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3391.
2009;339:b3398. predominantly detracting predominantly Comment in: BMJ. predominantly detracting predominantly detracting Willingness of Hong Kong healthcare workers to brook pre-pandemic influenza vaccination at queer WHO heedful levels: two questionnaire surveys. predominantly – School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong. Chor JS, Ngai KL, Goggins WB, Wong MC, Wong SY, Lee N, Leung TF, Rainer TH, Griffiths S, Chan PK. predominantly detracting predominantly OBJECTIVE:To assess the acceptability of pre-pandemic influenza vaccination amplify into healthcare workers in all-encompassing hospitals in Hong Kong and the at bottom of escalation in the World Health Organization’s heedful even respecting an influenza pandemic. They were doctors, nurses, or allied constitution professionals working in the all-encompassing polyclinic plan.
DESIGN:Repeated intersect sectional studies using self administered, anonymous questionnairesSETTING:Surveys at 31 polyclinic departments of internal medicament, paediatrics, and crisis medicament directed the Hong Kong Hospital Authority from January to March 2009 and in May 2009PARTICIPANTS:2255 healthcare workers completed the questionnaires in the two studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Stated willingness to brook pre-pandemic influenza vaccination (influenza A subtypes H5N1 or H1N1) and its associating factors. No momentous changes in the even of willingness to brook pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine were observed teeth of the escalation to heedful look 5.
RESULTS:The comprehensive willingness to brook pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine was but 28.4% in the chief over, conducted at WHO influenza pandemic heedful look 3. The willingness to brook pre-pandemic H1N1 vaccine was 47.9% amplify into healthcare workers when the WHO heedful even was at look 5. More than half of the respondents mentation nurses should be the chief arrange dispose to come into the vaccines. The most clichВd reasons respecting an ambition to brook were wish to be protected and following constitution authority’s attention. The nobody barriers identified were unease of side effects and doubts respecting efficacy.
The strongest sympathetic associating factors were dated hat of seasonal influenza vaccination and perceived endanger of contracting the infection. Further studies are required to elucidate the boost assist of the inferior ambition to brook pre-pandemic vaccination. CONCLUSIONS:The willingness to brook pre-pandemic influenza vaccination was inferior, and no momentous at bottom was observed with the mutate in WHO heedful even. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19706937 [PubMed - in process]——–2: BMJ. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3363.
2009 Aug 17;339:b3363. Four at-risk groups intention be chief to be vaccinated against swine flu, says chief medical lawman. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19687089 [PubMed - indexed respecting MEDLINE] predominantly detracting ——–3: Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
Dinsdale P. 2009 Aug 21. predominantly detracting Li W, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang D, Zeng J, Chen X, Xu Y, Li K.
[Epub in advance of print]Differential suppressive at bottom of promyelocytic leukemia protein on the replication of queer subtypes/strains of influenza A virus. – Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China. However, the soreness of influenza A virus subtypes/strains to PML is humble. predominantly detracting predominantly Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) plays an well-connected post in the defense against a toddler up up of viruses, including influenza A virus. We investigated the post of PML in the replication of queer influenza A virus subtypes/strains using pan-PML knock-down A549 cells and PML-VI-overexpressed MDCK cells. Our results put that the antiviral at bottom of PML on influenza A viruses is viral subtype/strain limited.
We creative chum that (i) depletion of pan-PML during siRNA rendered A549 cells more susceptible to influenza A virus strains PR8(H1N1) and ST364(H3N2), but not to strains ST1233(H1N1), Qa199(H9N2) and Ph2246(H9N2); (ii) overexpression of PML-VI in MDCK cells conferred powerful rebelliousness to PR8(H1N1) infection, while lacked inhibitory occupation to ST1233(H1N1), ST364(H3N2), Qa199(H9N2) and Ph2246(H9N2). predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19703418 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher]——–4: Epidemiol Infect. [Epub in advance of print]Influenza epidemiology and characterization of influenza viruses in patients seeking treatment respecting cold fever in Cambodia. 2009 Aug 24:1-11.
predominantly Blair PJ, Wierzba TF, Touch S, Vonthanak S, Xu X, Garten RJ, Okomo-Adhiambo MA, Klimov AI, Kasper MR, Putnam SD. Naval Medical Research Unit No. – U.S. 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. In December 2006, we established complaisant hospital-based scrutiny to big in a jiffy the causes of cold undifferentiated fever in patients seeking healthcare.
predominantly detracting SUMMARYThe epidemiology, symptomology, and viral aetiology of endemic influenza abide fundamentally uncharacterized in Cambodia. Fever was defined as tympanic membrane temperature >38 degrees C. Of these patients, 1151 (27.2%) were sympathetic respecting influenza. From December 2006 to December 2008, 4233 patients were screened respecting influenza virus during real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase concatenation repulsion (rRT-PCR). Cough (68.8% vs.
41.9%, P<0.0001) were more day in and day at large associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza-infected patients compared to influenza-negative enrollees. 50.5%, P<0.0001) and precarious condition throat (55.0% vs. A guileless influenza mellow was explicit between July and December with a cognizance during the rainy mellow. In December 2008, complaisant scrutiny identified infection of the avian influenza virus H5N1 in a 19-year-old yeoman from Kandal district who afterwards recovered. Influenza A and B viruses were identified in 768 (66.3%) and 388 (33.7%) of the influenza-positive citizenry (n=1153), each to each. From a subset of diagnostic samples submitted in 2007, 15 A(H1N1), seven A(H3N2) and seven B viruses were detached. The influenza A(H3N2) isolates and influenza B viruses analysed were closely correlated to A/Brisbane/10/2007 or B/Ohio/01/2005 (B/Victoria/2/87-lineage) vaccine strains, each to each.
The educate subtype tested was influenza A(H1N1), with the lion’s apportionment antigenically correlated to the A/Solomon Island/03/2006 vaccine quality. Phylogenetic segmentation of the HA1 ambit of the HA gene of influenza A(H1N1) viruses demonstrated that the Cambodian isolates belonged to clade 2C along with missionary H1N1 viruses circulating in SE Asia at the all together. In thoroughgoing, our statistics put that viral influenza infections let it be known to in effect one-fifth of cold febrile illnesses and pale the signification of influenza scrutiny in Cambodia.
These viruses remained hypersensitive to oseltamivir. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19698213 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher] predominantly detracting ——–5: J Infect Dis. [Epub in advance of print]Viral Genetic Determinants of H5N1 Influenza Viruses That Contribute to Cytokine Dysregulation. 2009 Aug 20. predominantly detracting Mok KP, Wong CH, Cheung CY, Chan MC, Lee SM, Nicholls JM, Guan Y, Peiris JS. predominantly detracting predominantly Human murrain caused during importantly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) is associated with fulminant viral pneumonia and mortality rates in satiety of 60%.
- Departments of 1Microbiology and 2Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, and 3HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China. Cytokine dysregulation is mentation to let it be known to its pathogenesis. To sympathize viral genetic determinants principal respecting this hyperinduction of cytokines, we constructed recombinant viruses containing queer combinations of genes from high-cytokine (A/Vietnam/1203/04) and low-cytokine (A/WSN/33) phenotype H1N1 viruses and tested their cytokine-inducing phenotype in benignant macrophages. In balance with benignant seasonal influenza (H1N1) viruses, clade 1, 2.1, and 2.2 H5N1 viruses induced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in educate benignant macrophages. Our results put that the H5N1 polymerase gene segments, and to a lesser region the NS gene section, let it be known to cytokine hyperinduction in benignant macrophages and that a putative H5 pandemic virus that may materialize a embrace to the ground up through genetic reassortment between H5N1 and ditty of the in movement seasonal influenza viruses may comprise a markedly altered cytokine phenotype. 2009 Aug 12.
predominantly detracting PMID: 19694514 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher] predominantly detracting ——–6: J Virol. [Epub in advance of print]The NS1 Protein of the 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus Blocks Host Interferon and Lipid Metabolism Pathways. – Department of Microbiology and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Influenza Division, National Center respecting Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers respecting Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. predominantly detracting Billharz R, Zeng H, Proll SC, Korth MJ, Lederer S, Albrecht R, Goodman AG, Rosenzweig E, Tumpey TM, Garcнa-Sastre A, Katze MG.
predominantly detracting The ‘Spanish Influenza’ of 1918 claimed an unprecedented toddler up up of lives, notwithstanding the determinants of injuriousness respecting this virus are in any event not fully settled. To beat sympathize the post of the 1918 virus NS1 gene, we also evaluated the innkeeper answer back to a reassortant 1918 virus containing the NS1 gene from A/Texas/36/91 (a seasonal eject of benignant influenza), as coolly as the innkeeper answer back to a reassortant of A/Texas/36/91 containing the 1918 NS1 gene. Here, we acclimatized utilitarian genomics and an in vitro benignant lung epithelial cubicle infection exemplar to upon the epidemic innkeeper transcriptional answer back to the 8-gene 1918 virus. Genomic analyses revealed that the 1918 virus blocked the transcription of multiple interferon-stimulated genes and also down-regulated a network of genes associated with lipid metabolism.
Viruses containing the NS1 gene from A/Texas/36/91 induced a momentous extension in type-I interferon signaling, but did not limit lipid metabolism. In conflict, the habit of genes encoding chemokines and cytokines, which last to appeal to infiltrating inoculated cells, was up-regulated. The 1918 NS1 gene may consequence comprise contributed to the injuriousness of the 1918 pandemic virus during disrupting the innate inoculated answer back, inducing hypercytokinemia, and during blocking the transcription of sympathetic lipid-based pro-inflammatory mediators that shindig as having a liking of the innkeeper antiviral answer back. 2009 Aug 12. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19706713 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher] predominantly detracting ——–7: J Virol.
[Epub in advance of print]Host Genetic Variation Affects Resistance to Infection with a Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza A Virus in Mice. – Department of Infectious Diseases, St. predominantly detracting Boon AC, Debeauchamp J, Hollmann A, Luke J, Kotb M, Rowe S, Finkelstein D, Neale G, Lu L, Williams RW, Webby RJ.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105, USA; Hartwell Center respecting Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, St. predominantly detracting predominantly Despite the pervasiveness of H5N1 influenza viruses in epidemic avian populations, comparatively hint cases comprise been diagnosed in humans. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN, 38105, USA; VA Medical Center and MidSouth Center respecting Biodefense and Security, Memphis TN, 38104, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. Although viral factors on the brim of certainly play a post in limiting benignant infection and murrain, innkeeper genetics most level-headed let it be known verily. The deadly amount in these hosts diversified during 4-logs and was associated with differences in replication kinetics and increased assembly of pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL2 and TNF-alpha in susceptible DBA/2J mice.
To exemplar innkeeper factors in the ambiance of influenza virus infection, we constant the deadly amount of a importantly pathogenic H5N1 virus (A/Hong Kong/213/03) in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice and identified genetic elements associated with survival after infection. Gene mapping with recombinant inbred BXD strains revealed five loci or Qivr (Quantitative idiosyncrasy locus respecting influenza virus resistance) located on Chromosomes 2, 7, 11, 15, and 17 associated with rebelliousness to H5N1 virus. One of the validated genes, hemolytic confirmation, troubled virus titer 7 days after infection.
In conjunction with gene habit profiling we identified a toddler up up of selectee susceptibility genes. We conclude that H5N1 influenza virus induced pathology is troubled during a complex and multigenic innkeeper component. 2009 Aug 20. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19706712 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher] predominantly detracting ——–8: J Virol Methods. [Epub in advance of print] predominantly detracting predominantly Production and diagnostic relevancy of monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus H5. predominantly – National Centre respecting Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
predominantly Yang M, Clavijo A, Graham J, Salo T, Hole K, Berhane Y. predominantly detracting predominantly Nine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against avian influenza virus (AI) H5 subtype from mice immunized with inactivated virus H5N1 (A/Turkey/ON/6213/66) were produced. Two mAbs #10 and #11 reacted with all of the thirteen H5 strains tested indicating that the binding epitopes of these mAbs were conserved amplify into these H5 subtypes. Upon testing, the results indicated that the binding epitopes of eight at large of the nine mAbs were conformational, while ditty mAb (#7) reacted with denatured H5N1 but. Possible applications of these mAbs in impetuous tests respecting H5 antigen were explored.
This DAS ELISA detects limited H5 viruses and is outstanding to big in a jiffy all thirteen H5 strains tested. Double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISAs were developed using two selected mAbs #10 and #11. Three mAbs showed reactivity with AI H5 antigen respecting both immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry. The sera from chickens that comprise been infected with an H5N1 virus were examined using the cELISA. A cELISA acclimatized to riddle chickens that had been infected with an H5 virus was developed with mAb #9 and recombinant H5 antigen. 80% of the sera from H5 infected chickens showed a sympathetic H5 limited antibody answer back at 7 days function infection (dpi) and remained sympathetic until the too much b the best of the safeguarding on age 30 (>40% inhibition).
predominantly detracting PMID: 19699764 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher] predominantly detracting ——–9: Lancet. This panel of the AI H5 limited mAbs is valuable respecting the happening of sundry immunoassays. 2009 Aug 22;374(9690):605-7. predominantly detracting Lister P, Reynolds F, Parslow R, Chan A, Cooper M, Plunkett A, Riphagen S, Peters M. Swine-origin influenza virus H1N1, seasonal influenza virus, and hypersensitive sickness in children. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19700000 [PubMed - in process] predominantly detracting ——–10: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Oseltamivir-resistant assertion influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two immunosuppressed patients – Seattle, Washington, 2009.
2009 Aug 21;58(32):893-6. predominantly detracting Centers respecting Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Immunosuppressed patients with influenza virus infection can mewl virus respecting prolonged periods, increasing the chances respecting happening of deaden rebelliousness.
predominantly detracting Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection continues to assist sickness and enervating amplify into persons worldwide. On August 6, 2009, CDC detected substantiation of rebelliousness to the antiviral medication oseltamivir in two dreadfully immunosuppressed patients with assertion influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Seattle, Washington. Both were being treated with oseltamivir respecting assertion influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and had prolonged viral shedding. The two patients were treated in two queer hospitals, and their cases were not epidemiologically linked. In both patients, the virus was documented as initially susceptible to oseltamivir, and rebelliousness developed afterwards during treatment with the deaden. The results were confirmed during pyrosequencing, sequencing of the neuraminidase gene, and neuraminidase defence logical positivism testing of virus isolates on August 11. Testing of viral RNA from both patients during pyrosequencing detected a evolution that results in a histidine-to-tyrosine swopping at nation 275 (H275Y) in the neuraminidase, known to be associated with oseltamivir rebelliousness.
One patient’s symptoms resolved after treatment with oseltamivir, and the other assiduous was receiving treatment with zanamivir and ribavirin as of August 13. This dispatch summarizes the materialize a embrace to the ground what may histories and resulting investigations and highlights the signification of 1) Scrooge-like monitoring respecting antiviral deaden rebelliousness amplify into immunosuppressed patients receiving treatment respecting assertion influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and 2) the implications respecting infection check. An inquiry of health-care personnel (HCP) contacts and other Scrooge-like contacts revealed no substantiation of virus shipment. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19696719 [PubMed - indexed respecting MEDLINE] predominantly detracting ——–11: N Engl J Med.
H1N1 influenza, all-encompassing constitution fitness, and constitution nervousness recover. 2009 Aug 27;361(9):843-5. predominantly detracting Lurie N. predominantly detracting predominantly PMID: 19710481 [PubMed - in process] predominantly detracting ——–12: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. predominantly detracting predominantly RAND Health, Arlington, VA, USA.
2009 Aug 17. predominantly detracting Chu C, Lugovtsev V, Golding H, Betenbaugh M, Shiloach J. [Epub in advance of print]Conversion of MDCK cubicle field to elimination suavity during transfecting with benignant siat7e gene and its relevancy respecting influenza virus assembly. – Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N.
predominantly detracting MDCK cells are currently being considered as an surrogate to embryonated eggs respecting influenza virus propagation and hemagglutinin (HA) assembly intended respecting vaccine manufacturing. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218. MDCK cells were creative chum fit respecting the virus assembly but their awkwardness to come of age in elimination burdens the manage of ratio up and Non-Standard thusly their assembly ability. This gene was beforehand identified as having an well-connected post in cellular adhesion when the transcriptions of genes from anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent HeLa cells were compared. Anchorage-dependent MDCK cells were converted to anchorage-independent cells, practised of growing in elimination as a end result of transfection with the benignant siat7e gene (ST6GalNac V). Unlike the parental MDCK cells, the siat7e-expressing cells were practised of growing in hold up flasks as elimination cultures, achieving highest concentration of 7 x 10(5) cells/mL while keeping Scrooge-like to 100% viability all the modus operandi through the nurturing look.
It was constant that the cell-derived viruses retained correspond to antigenic properties as those obtained from egg-derived viruses and their nucleotide sequences were comparable. In assembly experiments, the siat7e-expressing cells were infected with the Influenza B/Victoria/504/2000 quality. The limited assembly of hemagglutinin (expressed in hemagglutination units per 10(6) cells) from the siat7e-expressing cells was almost 20 times higher than the limited assembly from the parental MDCK cells.
predominantly detracting PMID: 19706449 [PubMed - as supplied during publisher] predominantly detracting PMCID: PMC2728112 predominantly detracting ——–13: Vaccine. If this elimination manage scales up, the assembly the honest stop of HA from 10 L of siat7e-expressing cells at a concentration of 10(6) cells/mL would be close to the amount of HA obtained from 10,000 embryonated eggs. 2009 Aug 21;27 Suppl 3:C9-C14. Klugman KP, Chien YW, Madhi SA. Pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza: a malicious academy.
– predominantly Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Pneumonia is the pre-eminent assist of enervating in children worldwide. kklugma@emory.edu predominantly detracting Significant morbidity anticipated to pneumococcal co-infection is associated with viral respiratory infections. The extent of clinical pneumonia amplify into children in the United States decreased 39% following the introduction of a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The lion’s apportionment of the mortality associated with the influenza pandemic of 1918 was attributable to bacterial infections, markedly the pneumococcus. PCVs comprise also reduced hospitalisations associated with influenza in children. Vaccination with PCV respecting children and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine respecting adults should be considered commanding to pandemic influenza fitness.